Improvement in safety-paper



i.. UNITED STATES PATENT EEICLE,`

HENRY I-IAYWARD, OF CHICAGO', ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT I'N SAFETY- PAPfER.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 34,634, datedMarch 115,1862.

Tov all'v whom, it may concern:

'Be it known that I, HENRY HAYWAED, of Chicago, in the county ot' Cookand State of Illinois,.have invented certain newv and usefulImprovements in Paper Intended for Bank Notes and Analogous Uses; and Ido hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description ofthe same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and the let-Y floss-silk or very loosely spun thread of any ters of reference markedthereon, in which- Figurel is a cross-section ofafportion greatly gmagnified. Fig. 2 is a longitudinalsection on lj the line S S in. Fig.l. Fig. 3 is a face view of red color and readily recognized as such byg either reflected or transmitted light.-

a note printed on my improved paper. Fig. 4 is a cross-section Fig. 5, alongitudinal section, and Fig. 6 a face View showing an addif floss-silkor similar threads and the.agitation of the pulps presented thereto thefibers of' the thread arecaused to interlock and unite very closely withthose of the former, as shown'in i Fig. 2. This renders it impossible toremove f a thread by drawing it out by its end, because "its union withthe material is too intimateto tional feature of my invention.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts/in all the figures.

The nature ofv myinvention consists in the employment of continuouslines of fibrous material as means of designating the denomination orcharacter of the note, coupon, &c.,

the paper being made in a single sheet and l the threads introducedwhile in the pulpy state and worked into and among the fibers of thepaper-stock, so that they cannot be detached or Withdrawn Withoutdestroying the paper or surface thereof; also, in designating varietiesin the value or character of such sheets by the use of different colorsor kinds of such threads or fibrous lines Without necessarily causinganydifference in the strength of the sheets; also, in the use of brightmetallic or other particles caused to adhere to such threads and be thusintroduced Within the substance of paper in such condition that theyshall permanently change their appearance with any attempt to remove theink from the sheet.

To produce my improved paper, I mount or otherwise connect to anordinary Fourdrinier machine a series of spools containingflosssilk orother suitable loose thread and conduct the several threads beneath thesurface of the pulp on that part of the machine in which it is in aliuid of semi-fluid condition. A bar extends across that part of thevmachine and suitable guides extend down therefrom into the pulp, thecrotches or angles of the several guides being near but not at thebottom or lower surface of the pulp. The

oscillating action of the Fourdrinier machine causes each thread to becovered and-inclosed in the paper-pulp, andI as its density differslittle, if at all, from that of the pulp it finally` I passes over theendless wire and is delivered through the machine to thedrying-cylinders inclosed within the material of the sheet.

In the accompanying figures,- A representsl ordinary paper material; B,blue threads of kind which can present manymin ute branches and cavitiesto join with the fibers of theY paper-stock. C are similar threads ofabright- In consequence of vtheopen character of the allow such motionto commence'withou't first destroying the integrity of the paper. Thepresence of the threads obviously contributes to increase the strengthof the paper, because the cohesion ofthe former, especially if it besilk, is greater than that of paper. I prefer to introduce such a numberof threads as shall make them stand in the paper about one-fourth of aninch apart; but this may be varied as shall be found desirable inpractice, so as to present such a number and arrangement of threads asshall prove most advantageous. l

In order to designate the denomination of a bank-note-one dollar, twodollars, tc-I retain the number of threads possessing the maximumadvantage, as above suggested, and designate the denomination by usingdifferent colors or sizes or characters or designs of threads. Thus fora one-dollar note there are about thirteen threads of silk passingthrough the note. Between each blue or green line of thread is a brightred, which red line donotes the denomination. For a two-dollar notethere are two red lines near to each other and divided by the blue orgreen lines of thread, as ina onedollar note, the denomination of thenote thus being repeated several times in each note. For highdenominations arbitrary systems may be adopted, a great variety of whichwill readily be suggested. I prefer to print all the bills from ten toone hundred dollars in value in a position inclined relatively to thethreads in one direction, all from one hundred to one thousand dollarsinclined'in the vother direction, and all of one thousand'or over withthe threads extending vertically, allowing the colored threads to eachindicate units, tens, dac., according to their position. The manner inwhich such sheets may be cut from a continuous web in which the threadstraverse longitudinally will be obvious without a drawing.

I can, if desired, distinguish between the several lines by makingVariations other than those of color. By means ot' a suitabledisposition of the guides I can place them in pairs or triplets or canset o a certain number in the center of each sheet by dividing them fromthe others on each side by spaces of greater width than those whichdivide theY design as mayv suggest itself, instead of g straight lines.

To insure thc, threads against being drawn out,I can give suchserpentine position to all p the threads, if desired; but Where this'isnot i done a part being s0 disposed distinguishes i them from thestraightones nearly as plainly and unquestionably as a variety ofcolors.

p witnesses.

Both or all the variations may ofcourse be used together, if preferred.

As afurther security against altering notes, &c., printed on such paper,I lead one or more of the threads through a proper adhesive material, asgun1- arabic, and thence througha brush or other reservoir containingbronze-powder, by which it is gilded or silvered before its immersion inthe pulp. Thus presented the metallic particles remain in the paper whenfinished in a condition shown by D D in Figs. 4 and 5, appearing aslines of a corresponding color so long as the paper is legitimatelyused; but when strong chemical agents are applied to erase onedenomination preparatory to substituting another the metal changes itscolor very radically and refuses to be again reduced to its metalliccondition, thus indelibly and unmistakably defacing the note andpreventing its subsequent use. The change is indicated at E in Fig. 6.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new therein,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- The within-described meansof designating varieties in the value or character of printed sheets ofpaper in Whichrthreads of brous material areincorporated into and amongthe pulp, as herein described--to wit, the use of threads of differentcolors or characters, arranged substantially as specified. Y

In testimony whereot` I have hereunto setv my hand in the presence oftwo subscribing p y 1 ,Y HY,.IIAYWARD.

Witnesses: Y

WILLIAM WARNER, fm;- MICHAEL DUDDLES.4

